在19世紀歐洲音樂的史冊中，弗朗茲·李斯特的名字與鋼琴家、作曲家、指揮家、評論家、教育家以及音樂社會活動家等名號相連。他的音樂創作與匈牙利民間音樂保持著緊密的聯繫，為匈牙利音樂文化的發展開拓了廣闊的道路，也為世界音樂文化寶庫增添了珍品。
李斯特音樂創作的主要成就在於他的鋼琴音樂及交響樂、清唱劇等方面。他創造的新的音樂體裁交響詩對後世作曲家產生了巨大影響，而他的鋼琴音樂創作則是鋼琴藝術史上又一個高峰（與肖邦並列）。其中19首《匈牙利狂想曲》以其深刻的意蘊以及鮮明的民間音樂風格，在李斯特鋼琴音樂代表作中煥發出炫麗的光彩。李斯特在論文《匈牙利的吉普賽人及其音樂》（1859）裡，充滿感情的回憶到自己的少年時代，“那種從吉普賽人生活和歌舞中才能體會到的歡樂與魔力，那種充滿自由閃光、意外節奏及裝飾音、質樸的旋律和瞬間的交換等等”，而這些都被李斯特融入狂想曲中，以表達自己身為匈牙利人的深情。
李斯特出生的年代正直匈牙利民族遭受奧地利帝國統治時期。可以說李斯特通過十九首《匈牙利狂想曲》表現了匈牙利民族的堅韌與頑強抗爭精神，揭示了匈牙利人民的抒情性和反抗性。
第12首《匈牙利狂想曲》是作曲家題獻給匈牙利小提琴家約瑟夫·約阿希姆（1831-1907）的一首作品。它於1839-1840年間創作，是一首與第2首、第6首《匈牙利狂想曲》齊名的作品，甚至有的學者評價其為“十九首樂曲中最具狂想曲風味的，更是音樂性內容最高的一首。”這首作品的結構呈現出多樂章（六樂章）性的套曲形式。樂曲各個部分結構的組合同時具有自由曲式的結構特徵，體現了套曲形式和自由曲式的結合。各個結構部分在旋律、節奏、裝飾音、速度、力度等音樂要素的組織運用上靈活多變，使得音樂時而深沉，時而激動，時而悠揚，時而活潑，生動形象的描繪了匈牙利吉普賽人的舞蹈場面。
第12首狂想曲是典型的匈牙利恰爾達什民間舞曲，由兩個對比的部分構成：第一部分稱作“拉舒”，舞曲速度緩慢而富於歌唱性。第二部分稱作“弗里希”段，速度急促而富於激情，通常由若干個段落組成，是舞曲的主題部分。作曲家將兩個恰爾達什的結構組織在一首完整的樂曲中，它們之間相互聯繫又各具特色。
In the annals of European music history in the 19th century, the name of Franz Liszt's name connected with pianist, composer, conductor, critic, educator and social activist music . His music maintains and ties close to the Hungarian folk music, which not only has opened up a broad road to the hungarian folk musical culture's development, but also has added the treasures for the world music cultural treasure.
The Liszt's main achievements lie in his music of piano music , symphony, oratorio and so on. New music genre symphonic poem he created had a tremendous impact on the later composers and his piano music is a peak in the history of a piano art . (and his par with Chopin ).
"Hungarian Rhapsody", its profound implication and distinctive folk music style shine dazzling brilliance among Liszt's piano music masterpieces. In the paper "Hungarian Gypsies and Their Music" (1859), he recalled his youth full of emotional memories , "the kind of song and dance from Gypsy life can be experienced with the joy and magic, the kind full of free flash, unexpected rhythm and ornamentation, simple melodies and instantly exchange and so on, "and these have been integrated into the Liszt Rhapsody in order to express themselves as Hungarians affectionately.
The years Liszt was born was in Hungary's national integrity that suffered during the reign of the Austrian Empire. It can be said that Liszt showed the tenacity and indomitable fighting spirit of the Hungarian nation by reveals the lyricism and revolt of the Hungarian people through his nineteen Liszt "Hungarian Rhapsody" .
Chapter 12, "Hungarian Rhapsody" was the works that the composer dedicated the Hungarian violinist Joseph Joachim (1831-1907) . It was written in 1839--1840 ,which was the works as famous as the second and the sixth "Hungarian Rhapsody" , and even some scholars evaluated it as the most Rhapsody flavor among "nineteen pieces of works, it is the highest musical content . "structure of this piece shows a multi-movement divertimento form (six movements) in nature. A combination of various parts of the structure also has structural features free musical form, reflecting the combination of form and freedom divertimento musical form. Each component part of the organization uses flexible melody, rhythm, ornamentation, speed, strength and other elements of music, making music sometimes deep, sometimes excited, sometimes melodious, sometimes lively, it vividly depicts the Hungarian Gypsies dance scene.
Article 12 is a typical Hungarian Csárdás folk dance, the portions of the two contrasts: the first part is called " ", lassú“， is slow and full of singing. The second part of the theme section called " friss" segment, the speed of rapid and passionate, usually consisting of several paragraphs, it is the main theme. The composer organized these two structural Csárdás in a complete song in contact with each other and with different features between them.
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