環球時報英文上海版
不少歐洲的華人都與難民有過近距離的接觸，他們怎麼看待這些難民呢？
在過去的一年中，有120萬難民在歐盟國家申請避難。 Eurostat的數據顯示，超過44萬難民在德國申請了庇護，德國是歐盟國家中收到申請最多的。接下來是匈牙利（17萬+），瑞典（15萬+），奧地利（8萬+），意大利（8萬+）和法國（7萬+）。
而歐洲人均接收政治避難申請最多的國家分別是：匈牙利（每百萬人接收17699申請），瑞典（每百萬人接收16016申請），奧地利，芬蘭和德國。
為了了解歐洲難民危機的現狀，我們找到了居住在德國、法國、瑞典和土耳其的中國人，請他們根據自己的親身經歷和見解，從第三方的角度來談談他們眼中的歐洲難民危機。
與難民的直接接觸
他們有的主動去了解難民的身份和生活，有的是在生活中遇到。在他們看來，難民對於當地社會的主要影響有：對於歐洲勞動力緊缺的緩解，解決歐洲人口老齡化問題，物價房租上漲，政府稅收提高，退休年齡延遲，以及社會治安問題等。
我當時去了奧茲特里茨火車站（Gared'Austerliz) 旁邊橋下的難民集中點，他們搭了幾排帳篷，在那裡生活。難民們幾乎不會說法語，我們用英語問了他們一些問題，他們說自己乘船在海上漂泊了很多天，沒有食物，路上還死了幾個同伴，但他們依舊不後悔來到法國。
I went to one of the refugee centers near the Gared'Austerlitz where the refugees live in tents. They do not speak French. I asked them some questions in English. They said that they did not regret coming to France, even though they starved for days on a boat, and some of their friends had died on the way.
—— Liu Yang, 法國的中國留學生
我只有一次近距離見過難民，在波恩回杜塞爾多夫的EC 火車上，一整車都是難民，而且全是男性。來德國近十年我第一次見到擠了這麼多人的火車，過道裡也滿滿噹噹全是人，就跟早高峰上海的地鐵一樣。這種情況以前在德國從沒見過。
I had close contact with refugees once on the train from Bonn to Dusseldorf. The whole train was occupied by refugees, and all of them were male. That was the first time in 10 years I had seen a German train so crowded. Even the hallway was full of people. It was like the metro in Shanghai during peak hours.
—— A- ，“這就是德國”微博博主
土耳其接受的難民很多，突然大街上到處都是難民，但也不會打擾到我的生活。土耳其人還是很和善的對待難民。一個影響就是伊斯坦布爾的房租飆升，房子不好找了。
Turkey has received a lot of refugees, and suddenly the streets are full of refugees. The Turkish people are treating the refugees very well.But this has not affected my life yet. One possible affect is that rents have surged and it is not easy to find houses anymore.
—— Zhang Shouxin ，土耳其的中國學生
我的學校就領跑了使難民融入的計劃，學校接待了一批年輕的學生難民，並由學生志願者授課（法語課），幫助其融入社會，我有法國同學就每周志願去教法語。
My school has led a refugee integration program. It admitted a group of young refugees and invited students to teach them French voluntarily, so that they could integrate into society. One of my French friends teaches refugees French.
—— Zhao Shengyuan ，法國的中國學生
當地公眾和媒體對難民的看法
總體來看，歐盟國家仍在持續接收難民。但是，當地公眾以及媒體對於難民的看法已經從當初的支持和憐憫慢慢轉變，媒體的報導和公眾的看法中，這些詞彙正在漸漸出現：懼怕，反感，擔憂……
我一個德國朋友，1.89 高，某天早上在去上班的路上，被難民犯罪分子拿鈍器敲了頭部和臉部，然後包被搶走了。我那朋友最後在醫院住了3 個星期，因為下巴被敲碎了。後來再談到關於難民引起的治安問題的時候，我的德國朋友們都說：“ 察覺到危險我會立刻撒腿就跑，能跑多遠跑多遠。因為體格上，難民們的體格也很不一般。”
I have a German friend who is 1.89 meters tall. One day he was attacked and hit on the head with a blunt object and his bag was taken - allegedly by a refugee. He had to stay in hospital for three weeks with a broken jaw. After that, all my German friends said they would run the minute they felt there was danger.
—— A- ，“這就是德國”微博博主
我最好的朋友是德國人，在瑪麗居里夫人實驗室工作，馬上要去劍橋念生物科技的博士學位，他爺爺曾是難民，作為難民第三代，她非常支持歐盟支援難民，並相信難民一定程度上緩解了歐洲的老齡化問題（對此我持懷疑態度）。
My best friend is German. She works at the Curie Institute and will complete a PhD at Cambridge University. Her grandfather was a refugee. As a refugee's descendant, she strongly supports the EU's decision to accept refugees. And, she thinks that accepting refugees will solve Europe's aging problem (although I doubt it).
—— Olivia, 在法國工作的華人
過去，瑞典的各個政黨都很忌諱提不接收難民或者遣返難民。瑞典有一個右翼媒體公開反對接收難民，以前這個政黨的支持率特別低，人們都罵他們是法西斯。但是，現在這個政黨已經成為瑞典支持率第三的政黨。可以看出，瑞典人對於難民的態度正在從支持轉向不太支持，尤其是瑞典的年輕人。
It was taboo for Swedish political parties to talk about stopping the refugees or sending refugees back. There is a right-wing party that openly speaks against accepting refugees. Before its popularity rating was extremely low and people called them fascists. But now, its popularity rating is ranked third in the country. It shows that the attitude of Swedes toward refugees is shifting from being very welcoming to being not very welcoming, especially young Swedes.
——在瑞典工作的華人
德媒在難民入境的頭兩個月高舉雙臂歡迎，德國民眾也是。但是後來，尤其是科隆跨年夜性侵案之後，風向全部變了。
German media welcomed the refugees warmly during the first two months when Germany opened its borders to refugees. So did the German people. But later on, especially after the Cologne sex attacks, public opinion changed.
—— A- ，“這就是德國”微博博主
最近有很多媒體報導說其實有的難民也很傲嬌。北歐的秋天和冬天又黑又冷，很多難民不習慣，所以當他們乘坐的大巴車到了瑞典以後，有難民不肯下車。還有報導說，有一些年輕的難民到了瑞典下了車以後不是要水和食物，而是問哪裡可以給他們的iPad 充電。
Recently, there was news saying that some of the refugees were being quite picky. It is dark and cold in Northern Europe in winter and autumn. Some of the refugees refused to get off the bus when they arrived in Sweden. Also, it was said in the news that instead of asking for food and water, some young refugees were asking for places to charge iPads after arriving.
——在瑞典工作的華人
對於難民危機的看法
總體來看，我們採訪到的華人對於歐洲難民問題持負面看法，有很多受訪對像都不支持歐洲國家接受難民。他們認為，難民會對當地的經濟發展、社會治安、政治生態以及文化融合造成負面影響。
我們在力所能及的合適尺度內是需要幫助他們的，但難民和那些激進的不能認為大家必須給予無限幫助，並不因為你幫助了就在道德層面高人一等了。
Personally, I think that, within my ability, I should help them. But the refugees and the extremists should not expect people to provide unlimited help. Also, one is not morally superior even if he or she helps the refugees.
—— Clark ，在法國工作的華人
Germany's policies for the refugees are too generous. It is easy to make others feel this is unfair.
現在德國對難民的政策太好，容易讓我們這樣的人心裡難免不平衡。
—— Liu Qi ，德國的中國留學生
法國最好的政治學院science po 在前段時間甚至接收了一批難民學生（他們連法語都不會），而對華人留學生來說，進入這個學校意味著巨大的競爭和高額的學費。這個歐洲政治領導人誕生搖籃對難民的寬容讓人震驚。
Sciences Po, one of the finest French institutions in humanities and social sciences, recently accepted a large number of refugees. They didn't even speak French. But for Chinese students, it takes a lot of competition and tuition fees to enter such a school . The tolerance of this "cradle of European political leaders" toward refugees is astonishing.
—— Olivia, 在法國工作的華人
接受難民是一個善舉，但是像德國這樣，接受如此之多的難民卻有點力不從心了，個人感覺接受難民對於德國的影響還是很大的，我並不覺得德國有能力接受這麼多的難民，這些難民對於德國的安保，經濟發展，以及各個方面都有影響，所以，接受難民是好事，但是量力而為很重要，否則會造成更嚴重的後果。
Personally I think it is a good thing that Germany accepts refugees. But Germany is reaching its limit. I don't think Germany has the capability of accepting too many refugees. Accepting refugees has had a big effect on Germany's security and economic development. So it is good to accept refugees, but they should know there is a limit, or there will be serious consequences.
—— Sun Xintong, 德國的中國學生
採訪：Yang Lan
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