2015年5月12日 星期二

雲南大理四景 - 風花雪月 The Wind,Flowers,Snow and Moon―Romantic Themes in Dali.

大理四景 - 風花雪月

Dali City, situated in the west of Yunnan Province, has an area of ​​28,500 square kilometers with a population of 3 million. The Er hai Lake in Dali City is one of the country's seven freshwater Lake. There are big embankments along the banks of the lake.

      It belongs to the subtropical monsoon climatic zone with conspicuous dimensional climatic character, the annual average temperature of which is 15.1 ° C and the yearly precipitation of 1100 mm. It has the rich resource such as platinum and marble and also gold, lead, brown coal (lignite), copper and rock salt (halite), etc. It is also rich in such resources as hydraulic power, forestry and mountainous grassland.

      Dali City is a famous historic cultural city of China, once the capital city of Nan zhao regime and Dali Regime in the ancient China, a city of picturesque scenery. With the verdant greenery Er hai Lake as its center, the scenic spot and place of historic site of Dali constitute one of the major places of historic interest and scenic beauty of China. Besides, there are also such scenic spots and historic sites as the three Dali Pagodas, Butterfly spring and others.
----風花雪月在大理。

You will enjoy Songs Rally spring ,Cang shan ,Tea Lake, Three-Course Temple ,Dali butterfly  Ancient City .The Mountain ,and the Three Pagodas Erhai

Lijiang

Li jiang is a beautiful shining jewel on the Northwest Yunnan Plateau neighboring the southeast side of the Tibetan Plateau which is considered to be the “Roof of the World” . It is impressive because of its scenery and lush vegetation. Li  jiang boasts of breath-taking wonderful sights such as Jade Dragon Snow Mountain(玉龍雪山) and its modern maritime glacier, the only one of its kind in the southern end of the Northern Hemisphere; Tiger Leaping Gorge; the world - famous grand canyon; Lugu Lake, the cultural cradle of the "Matriarchy" of the Yong ning Mosuo



大理市地處橫斷山脈南部的西南端,屬西南峽谷區,地勢西北高東南低。境內山勢雄偉,風光秀麗,既有蜿蜒高聳的山脈,也有峰巒環抱的盆地和湖泊,被前人譽為“青山抱綠水,湖光奪目映山色,四時有奇葩,百里飄幽香”的高原優美環境。有巍峨迷人的蒼山,碧波誘人的洱海;有保持明清棋盤結構的古城,古樸典雅的民居建築;有建築宏偉的三塔、一塔,景色秀麗的蝴蝶泉、團山,大理還有現存的古城、古塔、寺觀40多處。大理一年四委風景如畫,在諸多風景之中,以風、花、雪、月四景最為著名。既“下關風、上關花、蒼山雪、洱海月”。
1,下關風
……這是蒼洱之間主要的風源,風期之長、風力之強為世所罕見。一年之中大風日數在35天以上,冬春為風季,夏秋稍小。下關風平均風速為每秒4·2米,最大風速達10級。下關風的成因是其特殊的地勢形成的,下關位於蒼山和哀牢山之間長的山谷之出口,連綿百里的蒼山擋住了大氣環流,冬春盛行的平直西風氣流和夏秋印度洋、孟加拉灣的季風便通過這山谷進入下關,形成了冬春季節蒼洱之間強勁的西風和夏秋之交的西南風。
下關風終年不停歇,由於入口處兩山狹窄,中間成槽形,吹進去的風會產生上竄下跌的狀況,有時還會迴旋,就產生了一些奇特的自然現象。比如行人迎風前行,風揭人帽理應落在身後,但在下關卻會掉到前面,不瞭解下關風入口處的特殊地理情況,往往令人百思不得其解。下關風夾帶灰沙,而令人神清氣爽,對調節氣候起著重要作用。
對此,白族民間流傳著一個美麗的傳說:很久以前,蒼山上的一隻白狐變成了美女來到了人間,與一位白族書生相戀。有一天,書生的先生(老師)發現了他倆的事,憤怒地操起硯臺將書生打落到洱海裡去了。為救她的情人,白狐跑到南海找觀音菩薩求救。觀音菩薩給了她六瓶風,臨走時叮囑她途中不能說話更不能叫喊。可是救人心切的白狐匆匆趕路,來到天有利於橋時不留意被絆跌了一跤,“哎喲”地叫了一聲,結果六瓶風一下子跑了五瓶。從此,下關便大風不止。
2,上關花
……大理氣候溫和濕潤,“寒止於涼,暑止于溫”,最宜於花木生長,於是,愛花成也成了白族人民的一種生活習俗。上關花名稱的得來是由於古時上關有一棵叫“朝株花”的奇花,它花大如蓮,開12瓣,閏年13瓣,香聞十裡,果實可作朝株。當時霞客也曾慕名前來觀賞,可惜只見樹而未得見花。這花也有個膾炙人口的傳說:當年有個善良的婦女難產時得一位仙翁賜有一朝珠含在口中,由於不慎,朝珠落地,便長出這棵奇異的花樹。花樹長成後經常招來貪官污吏的騷擾,百姓苦不堪言,便忍痛將花樹砍了。從此,這棵神秘的上關花便越來越令人神往,成了大理地區珍奇花卉的代稱。其實,大理花卉品種之多舉世矚目,僅茶花一類就多達40多個品種,“家家流水,戶戶養花”早已傳為佳話。
3,蒼山雪
……蒼山十九峰,每峰海拔都在3500米以上,最高的馬龍峰達4122米,由於海拔較高,在峰頂異常嚴寒,終年白雪皚皚,在陽光下晶瑩潔白,蔚為壯觀。經夏不消的蒼山雪,是素負盛名的“風花雪月”之最。傳說有一年蒼山腳下瘟疫流行,有兩兄妹用學到的法術把瘟神趕到山頂上,埋在在雪裡凍死了。為了使瘟神不得複生,妹妹變成了雪人峰的雪神,永鎮蒼山。大理山河壯麗離不開蒼山積雪的景觀。古今文人為其留下的詩文佳作:明代楊升庵說它“巔積雪,山腰白雲,天巧神工,各顯其技”;元代黃華老人的詩碑中寫它“桂鏡臺掛玉龍,半山飛雪天風”;明朝送無極和尚回大理的翰林學士張來儀又形容它“陰岩猶太古雪,白石一化三千秋”。蒼山雪景的宏博壯麗,堪與阿爾卑斯山媲美。
4,洱海月
……被白族人民稱為“金月亮”,無時無刻不在喚起人們對美好生活的追求。傳說月宮裡的公主思慕人間,來到洱海邊與漁民岸黑成婚。為了幫助漁民多打魚,她把自己的寶鏡放在海中,照得魚群清清楚楚。漁民打魚多了,過上了豐衣足食的日子。公主的寶鏡在海中變成了金月亮,世世代代放射著光芒。
風花雪月寄託著白族人民豐富的情感。一首樸實無華的民謠從古至今流傳下來:上關花,下關風,下關風吹上關花;蒼山雪,洱海月,洱海月照蒼山雪。


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